Quantum technology is an emerging field of physics and engineering, which relies on the principles of quantum physics. It is about creating practical applications — such as quantum computing, quantum sensors, quantum cryptography, quantum simulation, quantum metrology and quantum imaging — based on properties of quantum mechanics, especially quantum entanglement, quantum superposition and quantum tunnelling.
According to John von Neumann, quantum technology is different from the deterministic classical mechanics, which holds that the state is determined by values of two variables. He stated that quantum technology is determined by probabilities and this explanation has been used to justify the technology’s superiority.
History
The field of quantum technology was first outlined in a 1997 book by Gerard J. Milburn, which was then followed by a 2003 article by Jonathan P. Dowling and Gerard J. Milburn, as well as a 2003 article by David Deutsch. The field of quantum technology has benefited immensely from the influx of new ideas from the field of quantum information processing, particularly quantum computing. Disparate areas of quantum physics, such as quantum optics, atom optics, quantum electronics, and quantum nanomechanical devices, have been unified under the search for a quantum computer and given a common language, that of quantum information theory.
The Quantum Manifesto was signed by 3,400 scientists and officially released at the 2016 Quantum Europe Conference, calling for a quantum technology initiative to coordinate between academia and industry, to move quantum technologies from the laboratory to industry, and to educate quantum technology professionals in a combination of science, engineering, and business.
The European Commission responded to that manifesto with the Quantum Technology Flagship , a €1 Billion, 10-year-long megaproject, similar in size to earlier European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship projects such as the Graphene Flagship and Human Brain Project. China is building the world’s largest quantum research facility with a planned investment of 76 Billion Yuan (approx. € 10 Billion). The USA , Canada , Australia , Japan and the UK are also preparing national initiatives.
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